Monday, 16 December 2013

Undisputed Truth: My Autobiography by Mike Tyson – review

Mike Tyson, books
Mike Tyson, November 2013: 'I hated my face and I literally wanted to deface myself.' Photograph: Action Press/Rex
Nothing in his subsequent exchanges with Paul Holdengräber could quite live up to the moment when Mike Tyson took to the stage last month at Madison Square Garden – sorry, I mean the New York Public Library. His mentor, Cus D'Amato, had assured the 15-year-old Tyson that one day, when he entered a room, "people will stand up and give you an ovation". That's how it was here. A collective gasp and we were on our feet – not as an expression of admiration, more a recoil from sheer physical and psychic proximity. This would never happen with the writers and intellectuals who usually grace this august stage. They are interesting, admired or even loved on the basis of stuff they have created, that is external to them. But everything that had made Tyson famous and infamous – the fact of his body and its capacity for violence – was there in the room.
  1. Undisputed Truth: My Autobiography
  2. by Mike Tyson
  1. Tell us what you think:Star-rate and review this book
Among the living only Diego Maradona (whom I also saw once, in an equally improbable setting, as he emerged from the Oxford Union) has risen to comparable heights from such depths – and then plummeted back down again. Paul Gascoigne was an amazing footballer and Ben Johnson ran extremely fast but Maradona's and Tyson's life stories place them in a different realm. In Naples there are still shrines to Diego. When Tyson, at the library, said that he had been a god this seemed a self-definition that even Richard Dawkins might allow.
Holdengräber begins his interviews by asking guests to define themselves in seven words. Tyson's were "Came, saw, conquered, got conquered, bounced back." The ungodly twist is all in the last two. Maradona and Tyson fell – and fell prey to pretty similar temptations – while avoiding a fatal Senna-esque collision with destiny. And so, after being a god, Tyson has ended up like thousands of other literary contenders: on the promo circuit with product to hustle.
Undisputed Truth is the latest and biggest bounce in a bills-to-pay comeback that began with James Toback's intimate documentary, Tyson, and continued with an acting role in The Hangover. Tyson played himself, naturally, a role he reprised for a one-man Broadway show that was then filmed by Spike Lee. The autobiography grew directly out of that show and even if it is not, as Holdengräber claimed, up there with St Augustine's Confessions, it's got a lot more fighting.
That it's also addictive is down in part to Tyson's co-author, Larry Sloman. Tyson claims he "inherited Cus's ability to tell stories" but as he regaled the audience with lispy anecdotes – growing up in Brooklyn, breaking into houses and being on the roof with his pigeons – it rapidly became as interesting as hearing a celebrity recount a dream. Tyson is a history nut, and a prompted digression on the Visigoths was as dull as – if slightly more confusing than – a lecture by a Cambridge don. Things only really got going when he burst into invective and profanity. I missed the one-man show but a friend reported that the best moment came when Tyson spotted a guy asleep in the front row. Mike went up to him and yelled in his face that he was gonna stick his dick in his mouth. It wasn't quite on a par with the pre-fight/post-brawl press conference with Lennox Lewis – "I'll fuck you in your ass in front of everybody," Tyson screamed at a reporter. "I'll fuck you till you love me, faggot!" – but the sleeper in the front row went home persuaded that he'd got his money's worth.
Having encouraged Tyson to ramble through his past, Sloman shaped the mass of material into a narrative that opens with the most vehemently disputed part of the story: the conviction for raping Desiree Washington in 1991. Adamant that he did no such thing, Tyson goes into graphic detail, later, to explain how he didn't (he went down on her while she was menstruating, apparently unaware that he was "gargling blood"). The conviction might have been shaky but so is the defence that it's impossible to "rape someone when they come to your hotel at two in the morning. There's nothing open that late but legs." Bear in mind also that any charm Tyson possessed was inseparable from the "bad intentions" manifest in the ring: "My social skills consisted of putting a guy in a coma." But remember, also, that his capacity for brute intimidation did nothing to staunch the flow of women eager to have sex with him, not just after the conviction but while he was in prison. Out of jail after three years, he became an easy mark for claims of assault and sexual harassment even when he was trying to keep some of these women at bay – not because, as a convert to the Nation of Islam, he was newly abstemious, but because they were skanky hos. It got to the point where he "was hardly seen out in public. One reason for that was that I spent a lot of time indoors at strip clubs." More time, certainly, then he spent at his mansion in Connecticut with its 5,000 sq ft master bedroom and the 19 other bedrooms he aimed to fill with different girls at the same time. He had a palace in Vegas, too, but his true home was what Conrad called "the destructive element". Throw in an annual income that was often in excess of $50m (enough to ensure that, like the former champions he idolised, he'd wind up flat broke), a titanic coke habit (he'd wander round with his stash in a big bag, "a straw coming out of it like it was a milkshake") and you have a young man in the unusual position of being both gladiator and emperor, "a sewage rat with delusions of grandeur", a ghetto kid with zero self-esteem and an ego borne of the knowledge that, in a fair fight, he could beat everyone on the planet to a pulp.

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Unconvinced that he had been fairly beaten, one of those opponents, Mitch Green, high on angel dust, starts taunting Tyson who beats him up again in the street. Bloodied – "I had crushed his eye socket, broken his nose, cracked some ribs" – but unbowed, Mitch comes back for another helping a few pages later when Mike is "on a date with some exotic hot Afrocentric chick named Egypt or Somalia or some other country like that". She stops him carving Mitch up with a steak knife ("I wasn't a vegan then") but being with Tyson or working for him could turn bad almost as quickly as fighting against him. One feels zero sympathy for Don King ("a wretched, slimy reptilian motherfucker") or Frank Warren, both of whom get richly stomped, but spare a thought for the bodyguard who "actually began to think his name was 'Motherfucker' because all he'd hear was 'Motherfucker. Get me this."'
As will be clear by now, Sloman brings Tyson's voice springing off the page with its often hilarious combo of street and shrink, pimp profanity and the "prisony pseudo-intellectual modern mack rap" of the autodidact. Training for the Lewis fight in Hawaii – "epicentre of some of the baddest weed in the world" – was not a great idea, boxing-wise, but just as all that "Maui Wowie made for some interesting press conferences" so his "stupid un-fucking-legible English" makes for some surprising prose. There's a moment of flat-out brilliance when he gets the Maori tattoo on his face: "I hated my face and I literally wanted to deface myself."
The later journey to sobriety sees him leaning harder on cliche – he's particularly fond of the idea that relapse is part of recovery – but the sense of threat, to himself and others, is constant. Which makes you wonder if one of the regrettable things about the years of substance abuse involved a drug he didn't take. A dealer (called Chance, appropriately enough) is ordered to get Tyson a Scarface quantity of coke even though "all he did was sissy drugs like ecstasy". Would MDMA have got him all loved up (a state and place he now longs to be) or had the iron been forged too deeply in his soul?
The commonly understood narrative – one with an undeniable chronological truth – is that Tyson only began to go off the rails after the death of goodly Cus D'Amato. Cus had taken this kid from the ghetto under his wing and trained him to be a champion, dying before the ambition was realised. After that, Mike had no one to guide him. But D'Amato, who didn't have "a happy muscle in his face", didn't just want Tyson to be "totally ferocious" in the ring; he trained him to be fearsomeoutside it as well. D'Amato might have been able to restrain some of the later excesses, would have stopped him getting cheated, but he helped incubate the toxins that coursed freely through Tyson's system and world after he became champion.
As for the boxing, Tyson was a great fighter who never fought any great fights. Either because he beat his opponents too easily – he was too good – or, with the possible exception of the first, toothless encounter with Evander Holyfield, because he was beaten too easily (as a result of failing to prepare properly, of losing his earlier hunger). He never went toe-to-toe with greatness, as Ali and Frazier did repeatedly, was never fully tested while fully committed to passing that test. As Cus intended, many of Tyson's opponents were out on their feet before a punch was thrown. The fights rarely lasted long and, in keeping with this, the era of Tyson's indomitability – brought to an end when journeyman Buster Douglas floored him in Tokyo in 1990 – flashes quickly past in the book.
After that, victories and defeats in the ring become almost irrelevant in the chaos and swirling mania that surround and consume him. He burns his way through an unbelievable fortune and never, not once in almost 600 pages, expresses any regret on that score. Apparently Sloman's opening move in tempting Tyson into this collaboration was to send a copy of Nietzsche's Ecce Homo to him while he was in prison. Nietzsche's notion of greatness was the capacity to embrace your fate wholesale: if you enjoy one divine moment then you say yes to all others, however hellish. Tyson, with his jailed grasp of momentary immortality, got this right away, probably knew it already: "Just to have one year of living Mike Tyson, the champ's life, I would be a bum sucking rat piss in the gutter. Shit, yeah

Andy Murray wins Sports Personality of the Year 2013

Andy Murray
Andy Murray in Miami where he received the award from Martina Navratilova. Photograph: Josh Ritchie/AP
Andy Murray has capped a year in which he broke a 77-year Wimbledonhoodoo and played his way into the hearts of the nation by winning theBBC's Sports Personality of the Year award.
The Scot was the shortest priced favourite in the 60 years of the prize, despite another stellar sporting year that included a British victory in the Tour de France, a home Ashes victory and the first British and Irish Lions victory overseas for 16 years.
Murray was shown accepting the award from Martina Navratilova via a live video link to Miami, where he is training as he recuperates from back surgery.
"Winning something like Wimbledon is something I've dedicated a lot of years towards and winning something like this is an acknowledgement of your achievement from the British public," he said afterwards.
Welsh rugby player Leigh Halfpenny, who was man of the series in the British and Irish Lions victory in Australia, came second and jockey AP McCoy, who this year rode his 4,000th winner and who won the prize in 2010, came third. But both said afterwards there could only have been one winner.
A "very, very proud" Murray had agonised over whether to attend the ceremony in Leeds but, displaying the drive and dedication that has taken him to the top of his sport in a golden era of men's tennis, instead opted to remain at his training camp.
He will train every day up to Boxing Day, including Christmas Day, when he will fly to Abu Dhabi to play Jo-Wilfried Tsonga in a bid to be fit for next month's Australian Open.
"The easy decision would have been to have come over and I would have loved it and had a great time," said Murray, who defeated Novak Djokovic on a hot day in July to seal the Wimbledon title.
"I would have rather been there than running around a tennis court for three hours. But it was the right decision for my career and my back and my preparations for Australia and that's why the decision was made."
The Scot was the shortest-priced favourite in the 60-year history of the prize, despite a year that included a British victory in the Tour de France, a home Ashes series victory and the first British and Irish Lions victory overseas for 16 years. The bookmakers were proved right as Murray won with 56% of the vote.
After his tears in defeat to Roger Federer in 2012, a subsequent Olympic gold on Centre Court and an affecting eve of tournament BBC documentary, 2013 was widely seen as the year in which Murray won the hearts of the British public after a sometimes awkward courtship.
The documentary undoubtedly helped, he said, adding: "The support I got at Wimbledon this year was by far the best I had ever had. None of the others I'd played could compare to this one."
Accepting the prize, he joked about his inability to convey his emotions: "No matter how excited I try to sound my voice still sounds incredibly boring. But I'm really excited right now."
Asked whether he could retain his Wimbledon title in 2014 he said: "I'll give it everything I've got. I had unbelievable support at Wimbledon this year, if I get the support behind me I know I'll have a chance."
As she left the arena in Leeds, his mother Judy would have seen a huge advert from his sponsor Adidas bearing the slogan: "Not bad for a man with no personality."
Murray took his place on a 10-strong shortlist that also included Tour de France winner Chris Froome, sailor Ben Anslie, who helped Team Oracle recover from an 8-1 deficit to win the America's Cup, and Mo Farah, who won double gold at the world championships in Moscow, a year after doing the same at the London Olympics.
The other nominees were McCoy, cricketer Ian Bell, wheelchair sprinter Hannah Cockroft, Halfpenny, world 400m champion Christine Ohuruoguand golfer Justin Rose, who became the first Englishman to win the US Open for 43 years.
Murray was 25-1 on with most bookmakers by the time the live BBC1 show started, with McCoy second favourite at 16-1 and Farah 28-1.
The bookmakers were proved right after Murray cantered to victory. With viewers able to make their choice online as well as by phone for the first time, there was expected to be a record number of votes cast.
After returning to London last year for an glut of post-Olympics nostalgia, the BBC continued their policy of taking the show on the road in front of 12,000 spectators at the First Direct Arena in Leeds. But they had to make do without the presence of Murray, Rose or Farah – who were all training or competing abroad.
During the show, an emotional Ainslie paid tribute to his late friend Andrew "Bart" Simpson who was killed in an accident in the runup to the America's Cup.
"I think most of us would agree that sportsmen and women are pretty single-minded people. He was the one person who had some perspective on life. He taught us a lot of lessons in life as well as in death."
Despite previously winning the lifetime achievement prize in 2001, after he first announced his retirement – before performing a U-turn – Sir Alex Ferguson was given a special "Diamond award" to mark 60 years of the programme.
Team of the year went to the Lions in recognition of their 2-1 series victory in Australia and Warren Gatland, who masterminded their victory, picked up the Coach of the Year prize.
Red Bull's Sebastian Vettel, who won his fourth consecutive Formula One world title in 2013, was named Overseas Sports Personality of the Year.
Skeet shooter Amber Hill, who was 15 when she became the youngest winner of a senior World Cup event this year, won the Young Sports Personality of the Year award. Murray himself had won that award in 2004.
The Helen Rollason award, named after the late BBC presenter and awarded for outstanding achievement in the face of adversity, was awarded posthumously to Anne Williams for her tireless campaigning on behalf of her son Kevin, who was one of 96 football fans who died at Hillsborough in April 1989.
Williams, who died in April this year, lived long enough to see the publication of the Hillsborough Independent Panel report, which exonerated Liverpool fans and revealed the scale of the establishment coverup to protect the police and authorities, and the high court decision to quash the original verdicts and order a new inquest.
Former Liverpool captain Alan Hansen presented the award to her daughter Sara, son Michael and brother Danny to a standing ovation from the crowd following a moving citation by actress Sue Johnston.
• The standfirst of this article was corrected on Sunday 15 December 2013 because it stated that Andy Murray was the first Briton to win Wimbledon since 1936. Virgina Wade won the women's singles championship at Wimbledon in 1977.

Ashes 2013-14: England's Ashes hopes fade despite Ben Stokes heroics

Australia v England - Third Test: Day 4
Ben Stokes on his way to a courageous 72 not out against Australia in the third Test at the Waca. Photograph: Gareth Copley/Getty Images
For a while, in the 20 overs after Kevin Pietersen had launched the ball in the direction of the Swan river, seen it stall in the wind and Ryan Harris take the steepler on the boundary, and young Ben Stokes strode to the wicket to join Ian Bell, it was as if it had all been a bad dream from which we had woken.
Suddenly the ball began to flow across the outfield as strokes, pure and elegant, dispatched the bowling to all quarters, scattering the pecking gulls, a century partnership to gladden the hearts of the England supporters baked under an unrelentingly hot sun.
Now, instead of the Persil-white-clad Englishmen hunting leather, it was perspiring baggy greens who chased the ball down in the heat of the afternoon, as bowlers, Johnson, Harris, Siddle, Lyon and Watson, gods these past three matches, were brought down from Mount Olympus to the world of mortals.
It was scintillating, a glimpse into the crystal ball perhaps, for the overwhelming feeling was that even in impending defeat we were witnessing what the politicians like to call the green shoots of recovery, tender as they might be yet, the importance being that while this was Bell, one of the senior players standing up and making a statement with 60, ended with an attempted uppercut and condemned by Snicko but not Hot Spot, it was the new kid, in his second Test, who was catching the eye.
This was still a distraction though, a diversion from the game that for three days has been heading Australia's way. As Stokes tucked his bat under his arm and walked from the field with 72 unbeaten runs to his name, from 96 balls and a dozen boundaries, and Matt Prior for a partner, Australia made their own animated way to the dressing room. They knew that England, with 251 on the board, were all but half way to the target of 504 but in reality were almost certainly five wickets from defeat and the surrender of the Ashes.
If Stokes and Bell had lightened the gloom just a little, it was Australia's day from the moment Shane Watson belted Graeme Swann for 14 runs from the last three deliveries of the opening over to presage a morning session in which they added 134 runs from 17 overs to their overnight 235 for three. Twenty two runs came from the seventh over of the morning too, all to Watson, and all off Swann, who retired from the fray.
England did get rid of Steve Smith, a first-innings centurion, for a strange (in the circumstances) 50-ball 15 that contained no boundaries, but Watson went on to complete a muscular century, his 50 coming from 76 balls with seven fours and a six, and the next 53 from only 30 balls with four more fours and four sixes before succumbing in a very Watto-ish, if novel, way. Attempting to hit Tim Bresnan into orbit, he skied a catch to Bell, waiting by the side of the pitch, who promptly dropped it. Watson meanwhile had left his crease on a resigned head-down trudge back to the pavilion but now tried to scamper his single only for the put-upon bowler, in high dudgeon, to pick up the ball and hurl the middle stump out.
They got rid of Brad Haddin too, something of an achievement even if he was throwing the bat, but George Bailey then sealed the innings by hitting Jimmy Anderson successively for 4, 6, 2, 4, 6, 6: 28 runs from the final over, equalling Brian Lara's 10-year-old record for a Test match.
England's reply, begun seven overs before lunch, got away to the worst possible start, as Harris, with his first delivery of the innings, bowled what might be the best ball of his life to Alastair Cook, something that shaped slightly into the left-hander, so that he saw an angle to mid on, but then left him off the pitch to trim the off bail.
It was the first golden duck of Cook's career and in his 100th Test too, a world away from the centuries scored by Colin Cowdrey and Alec Stewart to mark their own milestones for England. Michael Carberry and Joe Root then batted in composed fashion as Australia threw the kitchen sink at them, until Carberry was lbw for 31 as Watson went round the wicket to him, and then Root, chasing a wide one from Mitchell Johnson, edged low to Haddin, who took a brilliant catch in front of first slip.
Pietersen batted with great assurance for 45, playing in the V and driving down the ground, which is always a good sign that the fancy stuff has been held in check, but having once hit Nathan Lyon massively into the stands, attempted to do it again. The batsman is damned if he does and damned if he doesn't in the way he plays, but as Bell and Stokes showed later, initiative can be wrested back.
Only the fact that Lyon was bowling with the Fremantle Doctor blowing over his left shoulder, so that Pietersen was hitting back into the breeze, should have held him in check: when Australia were belting their sixes, they were doing so down what wind there was. Such small details can make such a difference.

Tax evasion and avoidance finally came under scrutiny this year

Despite a number of encouraging breakthroughs on tax dodging in 2013, much work lies ahead if tax justice is to become a reality
MDG : CDC :  Tax Haven of  Bermuda
Bermuda is among a growing number of tax havens that have agreed to lift the lid on who has money deposited in their banks. Photograph: James Boardman/Alamy
Tax came of age in 2013. No longer the preserve of accountants, it won the attention of governments, parliaments, journalists, campaigners and voters who, according to one recent British poll, are more concerned about tax avoidance than any other aspect of companies' behaviour.
With so much focus on how rich people and companies dodge their fair share – and with many societies struggling with austerity – it's hardly surprising the international apparatus of tax evasion and avoidance is starting to look threatened.
This year has seen so many breakthroughs that one risk, for those who believe tax justice will change the world, may be complacency. We are still only at the start of a much longer battle about the distribution of power within societies and between countries. We cannot expect thecompanies and individuals who have gained trillions through cheating the rest of us to let go without a fight.
But with that warning about the need to keep pushing against tax dodging and the financial secrecy that sustains it, here are the four highlights of progress towards tax justice in 2013.
First, after countless exposés of multinationals such as Starbucks andGoogle, which pay little tax in countries where they do brisk business, G8 and G20 governments agreed to investigate how to tackle such obvious unfairness. The rich countries' club, the OECD, is leading the work, which is supposed to create rules that benefit poor as well as wealthy nations – although the former will have to fight for it.
Since poor countries lose about $160bn a year to tax dodging by multinationals, the likes of Christian Aid, ActionAid, Oxfam, Tax Justice Network and the Global Alliance for Tax Justice are campaigning fordeveloping countries to have a voice, and for OECD member states to take that voice seriously.
A second highlight was the G8 and G20 also agreeing that multinational companies must reveal more about their finances, by reporting them on a country-by-country basis. This will help tax authorities identify which firms should be further investigated.
Campaigners now have to push for some governments – including the UK's – to accept that these reports should be public, so that everyone with an interest can know more about the companies' tax practices in every country where they operate.
European Union decision this year requiring banks to report on a country-by-country basis should inspire future progress: the same rules should be extended as soon as possible to all industries.
A third highlight has been that some governments acknowledged the dangers of allowing people to hide their identity and money behind shell companies, so distancing themselves from crimes such as tax evasion and corruption.
In October, plans were announced for a public UK register of the real owners of 3m British companies. The next step is to ensure that others, including UK tax havens such as the British Virgin Islands, do the same. We also need to know who and what lies behind trusts and foundations. So far, most governments seem reluctant to tackle the menace of secret ownership.
Finally, there has been progress towards greater sharing of tax information between countries. A growing number of tax havens – including Singapore, Luxembourg, Bermuda and the Cayman Islands – have agreed to start sharing information about who has money in their banks, by signing the existing international convention, although some UK tax havens have done so with a forest of reservations. This should help governments, including those of poor countries, to catch up with people who hide dirty money "offshore".
Building on this, the G8 and G20 countries have finally agreed to work towards automatic information sharing between countries. The "automatic" part means governments can obtain information much more easily than at present. Again, the task now is to ensure that the new system works for all countries from the outset, not just for the rich.
This is an impressive list of advances, which few would have dared forecast even a year ago. It holds great promise for people living in poverty across the world. But what happened in 2013 is just the end of the beginning.
In 2014 and for many years beyond, tax and transparency campaigners will need to keep the pressure on governments, simply to ensure that they do what they have already agreed to – in the face of well-funded, sustained opposition.
There are also other problems, such as the tax incentives through which governments give away billions to companies every year, in the hope of attracting foreign investment. Governments need to realise that the unsustainable paradigm of tax competition has created a race to the bottom, in which most of us are losers and all the benefits accrue to multinationals.
I am hopeful about tax justice in 2014. Campaigners are increasingly working together. For example, this year saw the formation of the Global Alliance for Tax Justice, an alliance of tax justice campaigners from different countries and regions.
Developing countries' governments are also increasingly interested in the potential of tax to fund their public services and reduce their reliance on unreliable aid flows – and there are many other dedicated politicians and journalists across the world making the case for tax fairness.

Cambodia's garment workers needled by low wages and poor conditions

Cambodia garment workers
Stitched up … a garment factory in Phnom Penh. Many workers in Cambodia are dissatisfied with conditions. Photograph: Tang Chhin Sothy/AFP/Getty Images
Khmom, 19, is one of the estimated 400,000 factory workers toiling inCambodia's garment factories, the country's biggest export earner. She recently lost her job at a factory in the capital, Phnom Penh, after taking time off to look after her two-year old daughter, who clings silently to her shoulder. "The factories don't care about us," she says. "They pay us so little, work us so hard and throw us away when we cannot work for a moment."
Khmom is from Damnak Sdach, a village about 50km from the capital that has no running water or electricity. She was the only one of her five siblings with a job that pays. Her elder brother, the first born, is a Buddhist monk, as is traditional in many Khmer families.
Khmom lives in a single rented room in Phnom Penh's Boeung Trabek commune. Her situation is typical. "My husband is a moto-bai-kong [tuk-tuk] driver and his salary is so little – some days nothing at all," she says. "My parents are uneducated and unable to find paying jobs. There is no work in the countryside, so I have to work in the factories."
This precarious existence – pressure from rural families to remit money while struggling to deal with urban inflation, long shifts in poor conditions, and job insecurity – has resulted in discontent. In May, protests led to the deaths of two workers at a footwear company. Between 2010 and 2012, the number of strikes increased by nearly 170%, according to a July report on working conditions in Cambodia's garment sector produced byBetter Factories Cambodia, an International Labour Organisation (ILO) project that monitors and reports on the country's industrial facilities.
The report found that over the past three years insufficient attention has been given to working conditions, particularly fire safety, child labour and worker safety and health. "At the moment when global garment and footwear buyers are publicly stating that they seek factories and business partners that show workers more consideration, the current and recent synthesis reports reveal a lack of attention to working conditions. This can have a direct impact on workers and on the health of the industry as a whole," it said.
Cambodia's garment industry is now worth $1.5bn, employing almost 400,000 workers – 90% of them young women – in more than 400 factories nationwide. The country has a reputation for fair treatment of workers, based on its labour laws, the presence of workers' unions and a minimum wage. Most of the garment companies are contract manufacturers for overseas firms.
However, according to David Welsh, Cambodia programme director for the Solidarity Centre, employees are becoming increasingly agitated that they are not profiting fairly from the spoils of their work. "Workers are, frankly, far more savvy than they get credit for, and can see these vast amounts of money being made off the backs of some of the poorest workers in the region and how little they get back in return", he says.
Wages are top of the list of worker concerns. In May 2013, there was an increase from $60 to $75 a month, plus a $5 living allowance. But Welsh says this type of incremental increase has brought little benefit for workers, since it has been swallowed up by increases in rent and other expenses.
The political opposition has campaigned for $150 a month – with some unions pushing for more. But Ken Loo, secretary general of the Garment Manufacturers Association in Cambodia (GMAC), said this could have negative implications for the industry. "The garment industry is a footloose industry – it is not difficult for any investor to uproot and move its investment elsewhere," he said. "In Cambodia the industry is made up of predominantly foreign investors. If investors decide to relocate, there would be no local factories that would rise to take these places."
He added: "We do not own the brand of the items we are producing [so] our profits are determined by the brands and retailers who place orders with us – they have the ability and the finances to increase the minimum wage, not us. The focus has to be on the brands and retailers to start paying factories more, so that in return we have the ability to pay our workers more."
According to Welsh, Cambodia, with its decent labour laws and wages, is the perfect ground to showcase responsible garment production. "There is no better market in the world than Cambodia to make changes on an industry-wide level," he says. "There are only 400 factories in Cambodia so this could become a genuine model for others around the world."
But the industry and government need to deliver on the reputation for decent working conditions touted as a competitive advantage for the past decade, said Jason Judd, technical specialist at the ILO Better Factories programme, echoing a view reflected in the Better Factories Cambodia report. "In the post-Rana Plaza era, improving working conditions – and a willingness to show it through public disclosure – needs to become the norm," he says.
For Khmom, who soon landed another factory job at the minimum wage, powerlessness is an expected aspect of poverty. "The poor are always unlucky, there is nothing we can do," she said with a shrug. "One cannot break a stone with an egg."

Italian prosecutors investigate claims of restaurants serving dolphin

A journalist secretly filmed a meal in the city of Civitavecchia including a salad dressed with flakes of dried dolphin
Dolphins
Dolphins leaping: Italian prosecutors are investigating claims restaurants are offering customers illicit dolphin meat. Photograph: SplashdownDirect / Michael Nolan
Prosecutors in the city of Civitavecchia are investigating claims that illicit dolphin meat is being served to customers in restaurants just north of the Italian capital.
A journalist from Silvio Berlusconi's Italia Uno channel secretly filmed a meal at which the centrepiece was a salad dressed with thinly sliced flakes of dried dolphin fillet. The owner of the restaurant was shown warning him: "You didn't eat this in my place, right?"
Ciro Lungo, head of the protected species unit of Italy's environmental police, the Corpo Forestale dello Stato, told the Guardian on Monday: "I can confirm an investigation into this matter is in progress."
Lungo said that before seeing the television report, he had dismissed as fantasy rumours of dolphin meat being served up in Italy. But, he said, the high prices cited by those who were filmed implied "substantial demand" for the dark-coloured, dried meat.
The bill paid by Italia Uno's undercover team came to 100 euros a head without wine. A wholesaler who was also secretly filmed claimed the price per kilo in Rome itself ranged as high as 900 euros.
He said dolphin meat was available in some restaurants in the capital, but was "certainly not written on the menu". The best way to eat it, he recommended, was with "fresh onions, celery and tomato".
Italia Uno's report showed that clients who wanted dried dolphin fillet asked for it by a code name: the English word "black". Independent laboratory tests carried out on the meat the journalist bought in the restaurant and from the wholesaler confirmed it was from dolphins.
Fishermen told the TV team that the meat normally came from dolphins caught in nets intended for other species. The majority were already dead when pulled from the water.
But, said one of the fishermen, "if they aren't dead, they club [them] on the head". Asked whether dolphins were sometimes caught deliberately, one said they were: "If they know that dolphins are there, you (sic) cast the nets there."
Italian fishermen who catch dolphins are meant to hand over the carcasses to the coast guard. But according to the restaurant owner who catered for Italia Uno's investigator, there is a way round the rules.
"They cut off the head. They cut off the fins and everything," he said. "And if they're stopped, they say it's a shark."
Dolphins are particularly vulnerable to driftnets, which were banned in the Mediterranean in 2002. A spokesperson for the World Wide Fund for Nature (WWF) said: "They're completely illegal. But cases regularly come to light of their use on Italian fishing boats."

North Korea erases Jang Song-thaek from web archives

Thousands of references to Kim Jong-un's uncle removed from online media reports since last week's execution
Jang Song-thaek
South Koreans watch a TV news programme last week announcing the execution of Jang Song-thaek. Photograph: Xinhua/Landov/Barcroft Media
North Korea's state media have erased almost their entire online archives since the execution of Kim Jong-un's uncle Jang Song-thaek.
The removal of tens of thousands of articles is the largest deletion ever carried out by the official KCNA news agency and the Rodong Sinmun newspaper.
Several reports mentioning Jang had already been edited to remove references to him and other aides, and footage had been cut so that it no longer included him. But subsequently all articles from before October 2013 appeared to been removed from KCNA's North Korea-hosted site. It is unclear whether they will be reposted at some point or have disappeared for good.
The mass deletion was spotted by NK News, a website covering North Korea. Frank Feinstein, a New Zealand-based programmer who tracks online media for NK News, told the site: "There were 35,000 articles dated September 2013 or earlier on KCNA in Korean. If they're leaving the odd one in, it's still a kill ratio of 98-99%."
Translations in English, Spanish, Chinese and Japanese were also deleted, he said. Another 20,000 articles had vanished from the archives of Rodong Sinmun.
Chad O'Carroll, founder of NK News, said the "Orwellian" deletions appeared to have been done between Friday and Saturday, following selective editing and deletion of articles mentioning Jang.
In the past there have been "20 or 30 articles that disappeared for no apparent reason, but nothing on this scale", he said.
"It will be very interesting to see whether the deletion sticks."
While a Japanese-hosted KCNA site still has older archive material, O'Carroll said it was run from outside North Korea and has never carried all the agency's material.
Only a tiny proportion of North Koreans have access to the internet, meaning that the web archives were used primarily by those outside the country.
Internally, information is tightly controlled by the regime; most economic statistics are classified as well as more obviously sensitive information.
Revising documents is also common. Andrei Lankov, an expert on North Korea, noted in his book The Real North Korea that when he lived in Pyongyang in the 1980s, "the authorities took care to isolate the populace not only from the foreign media but also from the official publications of earlier years".
He added: "All North Korean periodicals and a significant number of publications on social and political topics were regularly removed from common access libraries and could only be perused by people with special permission … This rule was obviously introduced to ensure that the changes in the policy line of the regime would remain unnoticeable to the populace."